{"id":1698,"date":"2014-11-22T16:18:52","date_gmt":"2014-11-22T16:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/?p=1698"},"modified":"2014-11-22T16:19:17","modified_gmt":"2014-11-22T16:19:17","slug":"organic-chem-15-organic-solvents-likes-dissolve-likes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/organic-chem-15-organic-solvents-likes-dissolve-likes\/","title":{"rendered":"Organic Chem #15: For organic solvents, likes dissolve likes"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

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Organic solvents: Likes dissolve likes – Don’t forget this!<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"tumblr_n02yyfxDpX1stoxi4o1_r1_500\"<\/a><\/p>\n

This one goes back to your days in freshman general chemistry and it is a simple one, but important to organic chemistry. \u00a0As we will see below, unlike in general chemistry, this rule now has applicability and means you have a clue to what reaction mechanism will occur by which solvent is used.<\/p>\n

In our world, likes dissolve likes.\u00a0 This means that polar molecules are easily dissolved in polar solvents\u00a0and non-polar solvents are easily dissolved in non-polar solvents.<\/p>\n

Now that we have comes to terms with this fact, the next question is: what constitutes polar molecules and solvents?<\/p>\n

\"organic<\/a><\/p>\n

The chart above very effectively displays where different solvents\u00a0rank with respect to their polarity.\u00a0 What should you take away from all of this?<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There is no need to memorize the chart.\u00a0 Just generically learn which groups are more polar than others.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkanes and aromatics are very non-polar.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Water and alcohols are the main polar solvents.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>POLAR MOLECULES ARE EASILY DISSOLVED IN POLAR SOLVENTS.\u00a0 NON-POLAR MOLECULES ARE EASILY DISSOLVED IN NON-POLAR SOLVENTS.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The polarity of molecules to be dissolved can be estimated using the chart above.\u00a0 Further, within classes of molecules, polarity can also be estimated.<\/p>\n

\"Slide23\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Above, we have four alcohols.\u00a0 As we move from left to right, and the non-polar alkyl substituent is shortened, the overall polarity of the molecule increases.\u00a0 Therefore, it can be concluded that adding non-polar substituents to a molecule will decrease<\/em> its overall polarity.<\/p>\n

Further, we can continue to differentiate between polar solvents\u00a0by designating them as polar protic or polar aprotic.\u00a0 This is important when working SN<\/sub>1\/SN<\/sub>2\u00a0problems.\u00a0 (See trick\u00a0#22)<\/p>\n

Some Polar Aprotic Solvents<\/strong>\u00a0(Favor SN<\/sub>2<\/strong>\u00a0reactions)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Slide24\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Some Polar Protic Solvents<\/strong>\u00a0(Favor SN<\/sub>1<\/strong>\u00a0reactions)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Slide25\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Take Home Message<\/strong><\/span>:<\/span> Polar solvents<\/strong>\u00a0dissolve polar molecules.\u00a0 Non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar molecules.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Organic solvents: Likes dissolve likes – Don’t forget this!   This one goes back to your days in freshman general chemistry and it is a simple one, but important to organic chemistry. \u00a0As we will see below, unlike in general chemistry, this rule now has applicability and means you have a clue to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4tPTC-ro","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1698"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1708,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions\/1708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aceorganicchem.com\/Elite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}